ABSTRACT

Indonesian elections in 2014 concluded with the election of Joko Widodo (Jokowi) as the seventh president. Jokowi defeated Prabowo Subianto with 6% margin in the final result. Indonesian people chosen Jokowi for political reform and the resolution of economic inequality. The 2014 Indonesian elections reveal the positive and negative aspects of Indonesian democracy. This paper examines the 2014 Indonesian elections and the role of the so-called "Jokowi Effect or Phenomenon" in the process of elections. The paper will answer two research questions: whether the 2014 Indonesian elections function properly as a democratic institution and what role the Jokowi Effect plays in the process of elections. The paper draws highlights on three important elements of Indonesian elections: candidates' political leadership, political economy issues such as corruption, welfare, and money politics, and the role of mass media. As Liddle and Mujani (2010) points out, the Indonesian 2009 elections were highly influenced by these three elements and these will be critical elements in the 2014 elections. With these three elements, the paper tries to explain the success of Jokowi's election campaign and the rise of popular supports of Prabowo vicinity of polling day. The paper finds out that the 2014 Indonesian elections have sufficiently functioned as a democratic institution. The result of legislative election bring about opposition parties (PDI-P and Gerindra) forefront and the ruling party (PD) received dreadful result as the PD performed badly during its rule. More importantly, during presidential election, progressive Jokowi leadership, which is represented by the "Jokowi Effect" has functioned as a key element win the presidential election. Meanwhile, money politics and smear campaign through mass media have played important roles to the rise of Prabowo.

KEYWORD

Jokowi, Prabowo Subianto, Indonesian elections, money politics, political oligarchy

REFERENCES(54)open

  1. [jounal] 김영훈 / 2014 / 친서민 개혁정치의 시작: 여소야대 정국, 화교자본등 개혁추진 걸림돌 / Chindia Plus 96 : 10 ~ 12

  2. [book] 김형준 / 2008 / 동남아의 선거와 정치과정 / 서강대학교 출판부 : 99 ~ 134

  3. [book] 이현우 / 2008 / 동남아의선거와 정치과정 / 서강대학교 출판부 : 11 ~ 38

  4. [book] 최난경 / 2008 / 동남아의 선거와 정치과정 / 서강대학교 출판부 : 71 ~ 98

  5. [web] Aspinall, Edward / Indonesia on the knife’s edge

  6. [web] Aspinall, Edward / Money Politics / Inside Indonesia

  7. [jounal] Aspinall, Edward / 2013 / Popular Agency and Interests in Indonesia's Democratic Transition and Consolidation / Indonesia 96 : 101 ~ 121

  8. [book] Aspinall, Edward / 2010 / Problems of Democratization in Indonesia: elections, Institutions and Society / ISEAS

  9. [other] Aritonang, Margareth / 2014 / It’s Official: SBY backs Prabowo / Jakarta Post, 1 July

  10. [jounal] Baswedan, Anies R. / 2004 / Political Islam in Indonesia: present and future trajectory / Asian Survey 44 (5) : 669 ~ 690

  11. [other] Chen, Jonathan / 2014 / Jokowi and Indonesian Democracy / The Diplomat, April 11 : 1 ~ 3

  12. [book] Diamond, Larry / 2010 / Problems of Democratization in Indonesia / ISEAS : 21 ~ 52

  13. [other] Drysdale, Peter / 2014 / Indonesia’s Poll and Presidency on a Coalition Course…and the Thais that bind / East Asia Forum, 14 April

  14. [jounal] Fealy, Greg / 2011 / Indonesian Politics in 2011: democratic regression and Yudhoyono’s regal incumbency / Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 47 (3) : 333 ~ 353

  15. [jounal] Ford, Michele / 2013 / Beyond Oligarchy? Critical Exchanges on Political Power and Material Inequality in Indonesia / Indonesia 96 : 1 ~ 9

  16. [jounal] Fukuda, Yuki / 2013 / Oligarchy and Democracy in Post-Suharto Indonesia / Political Studies Review 11 : 52 ~ 64

  17. [web] Hadiz, Vedi / President Jokowi vs Oligarchy / New Mandala

  18. [jounal] Hadiz, Vedi R. / 2013 / The Political Economy of Oligarchy and the Reorganization of Power in Indonesia / Indonesia 96 : 35 ~ 57

  19. [jounal] Hamid, Sandra / 2012 / Indonesian Politics in 2012: Coalitions, Accountability and the Future of Democracy / Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 48 (3) : 325 ~ 345

  20. [other] Gammon, Liam / 2014 / What Indonesia’s Legislative polls do and don’t mean / East Asia Forum, 12 April

  21. [other] Gammon, Liam / 2013 / Jokowi or Bust / East Asia Forum, 25 December

  22. [web] Giggacher, James / Presidential Election a Page Turner / New Mandala

  23. [jounal] Gunn, Geoffrey C. / 2014 / Indonesia in 2013: Oligarchs, Political Tribes, and Populists / Asian Survey 54 (1) : 47 ~ 55

  24. [jounal] Gunn, Geoffrey C. / 2013 / Indonesia in 2012: An Electoral Democracy in Full Spate / Asian Survey 53 (1) : 117 ~ 125

  25. [other] Jakarta Globe / 2014 / Confident Jokowi shows True Colors in final presidential debate / 6 July

  26. [other] Jakarta Post / 2014 / Gerindra’s Christian, Chinese wings support Jokowi-Kalla / 1 July

  27. [jounal] Kimura, Ehito / 2012 / Indonesia in 2011: A Glass Half-Empty / Asian Survey 52 (1) : 186 ~ 194

  28. [jounal] Kimura, Ehito / 2011 / Indonesia in 2010: A Leading Democracy Disappoints on Reform / Asian Survey 51 (1) : 186 ~ 195

  29. [book] King, Dwight / 2003 / Half-hearted Reform: electoral institutions and the struggle for Democracy in Indonesia / Praeger

  30. [other] Kingsbury, Damien / 2014 / Jokowi, Democracy Winners in Indonesia’s Tightening Presidential Race / East Asia Forum, 19 June

  31. [jounal] Liddle, R. William / 2013 / Improving the Quality of Democracy in Indonesia: Toward a Theory of Action / Indonesia 96 : 59 ~ 80

  32. [jounal] Liddle, R. William / 2007 / Leadership, Party, and Religion: Explaining Voting Behavior in Indonesia / Comparative Political Studies 40 (7) : 832 ~ 857

  33. [web] Majeed, Rushda / Defusing a Volatile City, Igniting Reforms: Joko Widodo and Surakarta, Indonesia, 2005-2011 / Princeton University

  34. [web] Masudi, Wawan / The Local-merit President / New Mandala

  35. [jounal] McRae, Dave / 2013 / Indonesian Politics in 2013: The Emergent of New Leadership? / Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 49 (3) : 89 ~ 304

  36. [jounal] Mietzner, Marcus / 2014 / Jokowi: Rise of a polite populist / Inside Indonesia (111)

  37. [jounal] Mietzner, Marcus / 2010 / Indonesia in 2009: Electoral Contestation and Economic Resilience / Asian Survey 50 (1) : 185 ~ 194

  38. [jounal] Mujani Saiful / 2010 / Indonesia: Personalities, Parties, and Voters / Journal of Democracy 21 (2) : 35 ~ 49

  39. [other] Palatino, Mong / 2014 / The Jokowi Effect in Southeast Asia / The Diplomat, May 16

  40. [jounal] Powell, G. Bingham / 2004 / The Quality of Democracy: the Chain of Responsiveness / Journal of Democracy 15 (4) : 91 ~ 105

  41. [other] Singh, Belveer / 2014 / Indonesia’s next president: Will Jokowi prevail? / The Nation, 6 May

  42. [jounal] Slater, Dan / 2004 / Indonesia's Accountability Trap: Party Cartels and Presidential Power After Democratic Transition / Indonesia 78 : 61 ~ 92

  43. [book] Sukma, Rizal / 2010 / Problems of Democratization in Indonesia: elections, Institutions and Society / ISEAS : 53 ~ 74

  44. [web] Tapsell, Ross / The Jokowi Phenomenon / Inside Story

  45. [web] Tapsell, Ross / Field Notes on the Jokowi Campaign / New Mandala

  46. [other] Tribun News / 2014 / Mega dan Puan Dominasi Ruang Publik, Penyebab Jokowi Effect Minimal / 10 April

  47. [web] Van Klinken, Gerry / A Citizen's President / New Mandala

  48. [jounal] Winters, Jeffrey A. / 2013 / Oligarchy and Democracy in Indonesia / Indonesia (96) : 11 ~ 33

  49. [jounal] Winters, Jeffrey A. / 2011 / Who will tame the oligarches? / Inside Indonesia (104)

  50. [other] Witoelar, Wimar / 2014 / The ‘Jokowi effect’: No breakthrough in Party Oligarchy / Jakarta Post, 11 April

  51. [other] / Kompas (인도네시아어 일간지)

  52. [other] / Jakarta Globe (인도네시아 영자일간지)

  53. [other] / Jakarta Post (인도네시아 영자일간지)

  54. [other] / Tempo (인도네시아 주간지)