ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to understand the formation and development of the concept of 'Intellectual, Moral, and Physical Education' in Britain in the 19th Century. The results are as follows. First, the concept of 'intellectual, moral, and physical education' was formed by Joseph Neef‘s translation and Lant Carpenter’s acceptance of the educational philosophy of Pestalozzi in Britain in the earlier years of the 19th century. At that time, the concept of 'intellectual education' meant the training of understanding by 'formal discipline theory' and the concept of 'physical education' meant 'physical hardening' which is based on 'clinical medical interest on children'. Second, until Spencer's On Education was published, only six books had been published featuring content on 'intellectual, moral, and physical education'. Through an analysis of these books we found that the concept of 'intellectual education' meant some kind of teaching method, and the concept of 'physical education' meant something related to natural scientific knowledge. Third, Spencer stated that the concept of 'intellectual education' meant 'science' learned through Pestalozzi's teaching methods, the concept of 'moral education' meant habit formation by principle of 'natural selection', and 'physical education' meant spontaneous, natural exercise which is contrary to artificial exercise(especially gymnastics in his book).

KEYWORD

intellectual education, moral education, physical education, J. Locke, J. H. Pestalozzi, H. Spencer

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