ABSTRACT

This paper is aimed at disclosing the using and expansion of Indian script that had been borrowed by Indonesian local societies, during the influence of Indian civilization era. Indian script which was used to create Sanskrit literature has a perfect letters in writing down Indonesian local languages, which did not have their own writing systems. As one of the Indian scripts, Pallawa was the first writing system to be used in Indonesian local society, Kutai, East Kalimantan in the 5th century. Furthermore, Pallawa was an official script during Sriwijaya Empire in writing administration letter and to spread Buddha as a belief. Pallawa, then was reformed into several variations based on particular system of local language and culture of the borrower society in Indonesia. Kawi script was ruled to develop Hindu culture and literature in Majapahit Empire, East Java, and also to influence the creation of Balinese writing system during the era of Hindu expansion to Bali Island in the 16th century. On the other hand, writing system in Sumatra which was Batak, Lampung, and Kerinci script were the variations of Kawi script that had been adapted into local languages and cultures. Moreover, Pallawa was also influencing Lontaraq writing system in South Sulawesi, Eastern Indonesia. An epoch, La Galigo which was written in Lontaraq in Buginese society shows the adaptation and development result of Indian script in Indonesian local society. The using and expansion of Indian script in Indonesia can be viewed as the intelligence of Indonesian in recreating Indian script creatively in order to maintain and record their own language and culture.

KEYWORD

Indian-based scripts in Indonesia, Pallawa, Kawi, Batak, Lontarak, Borrowing and adopting writing

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