ABSTRACT

A body of research has reported that nonnative English-speaking teachers experience low professional self-esteem (Kamhi-Stein, 1999, 2000; Medgyes, 1994; Reves &Medgyes, 1994; Samimy & Brutt-Griffler, 1999). However, in the prior literature, the identities of nonnative English teachers enrolled in U.S. English teacher education programs remain relatively unexamined, especially in relation to native speakerism. In this study, the author investigates how nonnative English teachers see themselves as EFL teachers by employing critical theory and identity theory. The combination of these two theories provides lenses to examine how nonnative English teachers’ identities are affected by the native-speaker ideology within the intersections of power, language,culture, and race. These qualitative case studies show that nonnative English teachers are influenced by the ideology of native speakerism, leading to low professional self-esteem.

KEYWORD

native speakerism, identity formation, nonnative English speaking teachers, critical theory, English teacher education

REFERENCES(50)open

  1. [jounal] Amin,N / 1997 / Race and the identity of the non-native ESL teacher / TESOL Quarterly 31 (3) : 580 ~ 583

  2. [book] Amin,N / 1999 / Minority women teachers of ESL:Negotiating white English.In Non-native educators in English language teaching / Lawrence Erlbaum Associates : 93 ~ 104

  3. [book] Bourdieu,P / 1991 / Language and symbolic power / Harvard University Press

  4. [book] Braine,G / 1999 / Introduction.In Non-native educators in English language teaching / Erlbaum : xiii ~ xx

  5. [jounal] Brutt-Griffler,J / 1999 / Revisiting the colonial in the postcolonial:Critical praxis for nonnative-English-speaking teachers in a TESOL program / TESOL Quarterly 33 (3) : 413 ~ 432

  6. [book] Canagarajah,S / 1999 / Interrogating the ‘native speaker fallacy’:non-linguistic roots,non-pedagogical results.In Non-native educators in English language teaching / Erlbaum : 77 ~ 92

  7. [jounal] Christenson,M.A / 2004 / Teaching multiple perspectives on environmental issues in elementary classrooms:A story of teacher inquiry / The Journal of Environmental Education 35 (4) : 3 ~ 16

  8. [jounal] Cook,V / 1999 / Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching / TESOL Quarterly 33 (2) : 185 ~ 209

  9. [book] Creswell,J.W / 2008 / Educational research:Planning,conducting,and evaluating qualitative and qualitative research(3rd ed.) / Pearson Education

  10. [book] Davies.A / 1991 / The native speaker in applied linguistics / Edinburgh University Press

  11. [book] Davies,A / 2003 / The native speaker:Myth and reality / Multilingual Matters

  12. [jounal] Duff,P.A / 1997 / The negotiation of teachers’ sociocultural identities and practices in postsecondary EFL classrooms / TESOL Quarterly 31 (3) : 580 ~ 583

  13. [book] Gee,J.P / 2008 / Social linguistics and literacies:Ideology in discourses(3rd ed.) / Routledge

  14. [book] Glesne,C / 2006 / Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction (3rd ed.) / Pearson

  15. [book] Holliday,A / 2005 / The struggle to teach English as an international language / Oxford University Press

  16. [book] Holstein,J.A / 1995 / The active interview / Sage

  17. [jounal] Ibrahim,A / 1999 / Becoming black:Rap and hip-hop,race,gender,identity,and the politics of ESL learning / TESOL Quarterly 33 (3) : 349 ~ 369

  18. [book] Kachru,B.B / 1996 / World Englishes.In Sociolinguistics and language teaching / Cambridge University Press : 71 ~ 102

  19. [book] Kamhi-Stein,L.D / 1999 / Preparing non-native professionals in TESOL:Implications for teacher education programs.In Non-native educators in English language teaching / Erlbaum : 145 ~ 158

  20. [jounal] Kamhi-Stein,L.D / 2000 / Adapting U.S.-based TESOL education to meet the needs of nonnative English speakers / TESOL Journal 9 (3) : 10 ~ 14

  21. [book] Kamhi-Stein,L.D / 2004 / Learning and teaching from experience:Perspectives on non-native English-speaking professionals / The University of Michigan Press

  22. [jounal] Kim,Hye-Kyung / 2010 / The identity of Asian ESL teachers:Negotiating"white"English / INTESOL Journal 7 (1) : 69 ~ 84

  23. [book] Kincheloe,J / 1998 / Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research.In The landscape of qualitative research:Theories and issues / Sage Publications : 260 ~ 299

  24. [book] Kincheloe,J / 2005 / Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research.In Sage handbook of qualitative research(3rd ed.) / Sage : 303 ~ 342

  25. [jounal] Kramsch,C / 1997 / The privilege of nonnative speaker / Publications of the Modern Language Association 112 (3) : 359 ~ 369

  26. [jounal] Kubota,R / 2006 / Race and TESOL:Introduction to concepts and theories / TESOL Quarterly 40 (3) : 471 ~ 493

  27. [jounal] Leung,C / 1997 / The idealised native speaker,reified ethnicities and classroom realities / TESOL Quarterly 31 (3) : 543 ~ 560

  28. [book] Lippi-Green,R / 1997 / English with an accent:Language,ideology and discrimination in the United States / Routledge

  29. [jounal] McKay,S.L / 1996 / Multiple discourses,multiple identities:Investment and agency in second-language learning among Chinese adolescent immigrant students / Harvard Educational Review 66 (3) : 577 ~ 608

  30. [book] Medgyes,P / 1994 / The non-native speaker / Macmillan Publishers Ltd

  31. [book] Medgyes,P / 2001 / When the teacher is a non-native speaker.In Teaching English as a second or foreign language / Heinle & Heinle : 429 ~ 442

  32. [book] Merriam,S.B / 1998 / Qualitative research and case study applications in education / Jossey-Bass

  33. [book] Merriam,S.B / 2002 / Assessing and evaluating qualitative research.In Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis / Jossey-Bass : 18 ~ 33

  34. [book] Mertler,C.A / 2006 / Action research:Teachers as researchers in the classroom / Sage Publications

  35. [jounal] Norton Peirce,B / 1995 / Social identity,investment,and language learning / TESOL Quarterly 29 (1) : 9 ~ 31

  36. [jounal] Norton,B / 1997 / Language,identity,and the ownership of English / TESOL Quarterly 31 (3) : 409 ~ 429

  37. [book] Norton,B / 2000 / Identity and language learning:Gender,ethnicity and educational change / Pearson Education Limited

  38. [book] Pennycook,A / 2000 / The social politics and the cultural politics of language classrooms.In The sociopolitics of English language teaching / Multilingual Matters : 89 ~ 103

  39. [jounal] Perry,P / 2001 / White means never having to say you’re ethnic: White youth and the construction of “cultureless” identities / Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30 (1) : 56 ~ 91

  40. [book] Phillipson,R / 1992 / Linguistic imperialism / Oxford University Press

  41. [jounal] Polio,C / 1998 / Teaching ESL in an unfamiliar context:International students in a North American MA TESOL practicum / TESOL Journal 7 (4) : 24 ~ 29

  42. [jounal] Rampton,M.B.H / 1990 / Displacing the ‘native speaker’:Expertise,affiliation,and inheritance / EFL Journal 44 : 97 ~ 101

  43. [jounal] Reves,T / 1994 / The non-native English speaking EFL/ESL teacher’s self-image:An international survey / System 22 : 353 ~ 367

  44. [jounal] Rogers,R / 2005 / Critical discourse analysis in education:A review of the literature / Review of Educational Research 75 (3) : 365 ~ 416

  45. [jounal] Samimy,K / 1997 / A review on the non-native teacher / TESOL Quarterly 31 (4) : 815 ~ 817

  46. [book] Samimy,K / 1999 / To be a native or non-native speaker:Perceptions of"non-native"students in a graduate TESOL program.In Non-native educators in English language teaching / Lawrence Erlbaum Associates : 127 ~ 144

  47. [book] Stake,R.E / 2005 / Qualitative case study.In Sage handbook of qualitative research(3rd ed.) / Sage : 443 ~ 466

  48. [book] Thompson,J.B / 1984 / Studies in the theory of ideology / Polity Press

  49. [jounal] Varghese,M / 2005 / Theorizing language teacher identity:Three perspectives and beyond / Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 4 (1) : 21 ~ 44

  50. [jounal] Widdowson,H.G / 1994 / The ownership of English / TESOL Quarterly 28 (2) : 377 ~ 389